It collects blood from veins serving the tissues inferior to the heart and returns this blood to the right atrium of the heart. Vena cava, in airbreathing vertebrates, including humans, either of two major trunks, the anterior and posterior venae cavae, that deliver oxygendepleted blood to the right side of the heart. It is located at the posterior abdominal wall on the right side of the aorta. The azygos vein joins it just before it enters the right atrium, at the upper right front portion of the heart. Anatomy lectures by dr deepak agarmor in this video you will learn anatomy of superior vena cava in hindi. A surprise on transient cardiac pacemaker implantation in our study, the percentage of patients with underlying malign causes of superior vena. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs is a medical condition which consists of the obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava. It is a largediameter 24 mm short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm. Svcs groups all the signs secondary to the obstruction of svc and the increase in. It descends vertically through the superior mediastinum, behind the intercostal spaces and to the right of the aorta and trachea. Azygos vein joins it just before it enters the right atrium, at the upper right front portion of the heart. Congenital variants of the svc can be incidental, may be associated with cardiac anomalies or syndromes, and may first be identified at imaging performed for venous access or. When they contract, the blood is pushed through tubes called blood vessels. The superior vena cava svc is a large valveless venous channel formed by the union of the brachiocephalic veins.
The superior vena cava delivers blood from the head and chest area to the heart, while the inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body regions to the heart. The anterior vena cava, also known as the precava, drains the head end of the body, while the posterior vena cava, or postcava, drains the tail, or rear, end. Human heart anatomy from a healthy body on a blue and black graph. Match each structure listed on the left with the correct key letter.
Congenital or acquired abnormalities can affect the. Superior vena cava stock photos and images 141 matches. Its latin name is related to its large pipe appearance in cadavers, cava meaning hollow. Coronary venous anatomy is rarely studied, and abnormal coronary vein drainage is infrequently reported in the literature. Thrombectomy, thrombosis, superior vena cava syndrome, superior vena cava obstruction doi. The superior vena cava svc carries deoxygenated venous blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium. Through this opening venous blood is returned to the heart from the thorax, neck, head, and upper limbs. The leftsided superior vena cava lsvc is the most frequent abnormality of the systemic venous return, with prevalence of 0.
An example of persistent left superior vena cava was found during a routine dissection. Absent right and persistent left superior vena cava. One of the following muscles originates from the lateral epicondyle of humerus. Superior vena cava left subclavian artery brachiocephalic trunk right coronary artery. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Superior vena cava definition of superior vena cava by. The anomalous vessels involved, besides the ivc, were the left testicular vein and artery, the left suprarenal artery and a superior accessory left renal artery. Persistent left superior vena cava, clinical anatomy 10.
B the medial side of the svc, attached to the pericardium. Pdf anatomy of the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic. Imaging evaluation of the inferior vena cava1 the inferior vena cava ivc is an essential but often overlooked structure at abdominal imaging. Svc trauma superior vena cava is vulnerable to injuries of different kinds. Any information contained in this pdf file is automatically generated from digital. Anatomy of the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins. A large vein that receives blood from the head, neck, upper extremities, and thorax and delivers it to the right atrium of the heart. Left superior vena cava synonyms, left superior vena cava pronunciation, left superior vena cava translation, english dictionary definition of left superior vena cava. Figure 178 collateral circulation with high superior vena cava svc obstruction from hodgkin disease on coronal reformatted computed tomography angiography. Spinal shunting wide arrow draining in the superior intercostal veins, then in the arch.
Internal thoracic vein draining into the extrapericardial part of the. The ivcs function is to carry the venous blood from the lower limbs and abdominopelvic region to the heart the inferior vena cava anatomy is essential due to the veins great drainage area, which also makes it a hot topic for anatomy exams. We present a case of phrenic nerve palsy as an unusual complication of superior vena caval svc stent placement. Vena cava, superior article about vena cava, superior by. The principal vein collecting blood from the head, chest wall, and upper extremities and draining into the right atrium explanation of vena cava, superior. Superior vena cava definition is the branch of the vena cava of a vertebrate that brings blood back from the head and anterior part of the body to the heart. A n a t o m y o f th e superior vena ca va and brachiocephalic ve in s w. Radioanatomy of the superior vena cava syndrome and therapeutic. No valve divides the superior vena cava from the right atrium. A case of a duplicated inferior vena cava ivc along with other anatomical vessel variations in a 72yearold male cadaver is presented. Vena cavae anatomy of the superior vena cava and inferior. Behcets disease may be responsible for thrombosis of the svc and, when.
Fig 1 the heart, great blood vessels, and opened pericardium. The primitive cardinal veins coalesce to the atrium via the sinus venosus. Superior vena cava syndrome svcs groups all the signs secondary to the obstruction of. The superior vena cava begins behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage and descends vertically behind the second and third intercostal spaces to drain into the right atrium at the superior cavoatrial junction at the level of the third costal cartilage. The superior vena cava is classified as a large vein, with a wide diameter of up to 2cm and a length of approximately 7cm it arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, posterior to the first right costal cartilage. Lead implantation was very challenging due to abnormal and rare vena cava anatomy. The superior vena cava svc, also known as the cava or cva is a short, but large diameter vein located in the anterior right superior mediastinum. It is associated with a wide variety of congenital and pathologic processes and can be a source of vital information for. Superior vena cava the superior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body superior to the diaphragm, excluding the lungs and heart, delivering it to the right atrium. View disclaimer the right atrium receives oxygenpoor blood from the body via two large veins superior vena cava above the heart and the inferior vena cava below the heart. Chapter 4 skin, superficial fascia, and deep fascia of the neck. The inferior vena cava ivc is the largest vein of the human body. The mediastinum from medieval latin mediastinus, midway is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.
Anatomy of the cardiovascular systemchapter 18 559 s r l i right brachiocephalic vein. The brachiocephalic veins, as their name impliesbeing formed from the greek words. Superior vena cava syndrome, treatment of superior vena cava syndrome, surgical. A left superior vena cava occurs in early development but. A, note filling of the left subclavian vein and retrograde flow in the superior intercostal vein and pericardiophrenic collateral. The superior vena cava svc is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. The superior vena cava is very important for the function of the cardiovascular system, since it largely contributes to the input of blood to the right atrium. A small number of case reports describe abnormal drainage of the great cardiac vein into the superior vena cava. Congenital venous anomalies are relatively common and some have clinical implications. Applied anatomy of the superior vena cavathe carina as a. Learn vena cava anatomy physiology with free interactive flashcards.
Svc syndrome is extrinsic or intrinsic obstruction of blood flow through the svc, leading to proximal congestion. Venous return from the lower half, below the diaphragm, flows through the. Resection and reconstruction of the superior vena cava svc occasionally is required to surgically treat tumors invading the mediastinum and present a technically challenging situation that may. Superior vena cava an overview sciencedirect topics.
Persistent left superior vena cava and left sided inferior vena cava coincidance with coronary sinus aneurysm. There are no valves in either the svc or the brachiocephalic veins. Read more harshmohan pathology ebook download free in pdf format. Anatomy of the cardiovascular system key terms anastomosis arteriole artery atrium capillary endocardium endothelium epicardium. The mediastinum contains the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, the phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph nodes of. Anatomical variants of superior and inferior vena cava epos. Variants of anatomy of the of superior and inferior vena cava are congenital. Venous anomalies of the thorax can occur in isolation or in association with complex congenital heart disease. Pdf the leftsided superior vena cava lsvc is the most frequent abnormality of the systemic venous return, with prevalence of 0. This is the opening into the heart from the superior vena cava. Distal 2 cm lying within the pericardial sac formed by the joining of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. Challenges faced with the implantation procedure are not unusual and may include anatomical variations, such as a persistent leftsided superior vena cava plsvc which can be present in.
Upper extremity veins and superior vena cava radiology key. The inferior vena cava anatomy of the inferior vena cava. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Left superior vena cava definition of left superior vena. Superior vena cava the anatomy of the veins visual guide, page 15 of 52 this is page 15 of a photographic atlas i created as a laboratory study resource for my biol 121 anatomy and physiology i students on the anatomy of the veins. Superior vena cava not far below the collarbone and in back of the right side of the breastbone, two large veins, the right and left brachiocephalic, join to form the superior vena cava. Superior vena cava article about superior vena cava by. Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left. Cardiovascular robert oconnor university college dublin aortic arch.
Its lower half is covered by the fibrous pericardium, which it pierces at the level of the second costal. Superior vena cava the anatomy of the veins visual guide. The superior vena cava svc starts at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins behind the first right costal. This vein was carefully dissected and followed to its termination in the right atrium. Anatomy final examsuggested questions page 4 e none of the above is correct 21.
Although the vena cava is very large in diameter, its walls are incredibly thin due to the low pressure exerted by venous blood. The superior vena cava is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic veins also referred to as the innominate veins, which also receive blood from the upper limbs, eyes and neck, behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage. Superior vena cava tributaries are the azygos vein and small veins from the pericardium and other mediastinal structures. After last weeks aorta, lets look at the anatomy of the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and how blood from the body gets back to the. The superior vena cava begins behind the lower border. Vishram singh anatomy free pdf download medicforyou. Such venous anomalies can make for very challenging electronic. Pacemakers can cause undesirable complications during and after implantation. These blood vessels carry oxygendepleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart. The inferior vena cava is the largest vein in the human body. Superior vena cava the following tributaries of the superior vena cava are located within the superior mediastinum. Other articles where superior vena cava is discussed.
Persistent left superior vena cava and right superior vena. It is formed by merging of the brachiocephalic veins, travelling inferiorly through the thoracic region until draining into the superior portion of the. C the longitudinal distance between the carina and the pericardium as it transverses the superior vena cava. The incidence of an absent right superior vena cava in the setting of a persistent left superior vena cava is very rare in the general population with only a dozen cases documented in the medical literature. Superior vena cava svc syndrome is the prototypical example of mass effect resulting in venous obstruction and is well described in the. One of the following does not exist in right atrium. The right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form the svc what is svc syndrome. Behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage. Phrenic nerve palsy as a complication of superior vena. The same cadaver also presented four branches from the arch of the aorta. It receives blood from the upper half of the body except the heart and returns it to the right atrium. Choose from 141 different sets of vena cava anatomy physiology flashcards on quizlet. The venae cavae are the two largest veins in the body.
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