The design of machinery requires the frequent optimization of machine elements. Hoyt, hereby grant permission to the waiiace library ofthe rochester institute oftechnoiogy to reproduce my thesis in whole or in part. Pdf design and analysis of steering knuckle component for. Expert spindle design system article pdf available in international journal of machine tools and manufacture 4545. The material for manufacturing the spindle is taken to be en24. The number of revolutions the milling tool makes per minute on the spindle. Because machine elements are difficult to model accurately, this process often uses experimental data that can be timeconsuming to acquire.
Research paper on rack and pinion design calculations. Paper open access related content analysis of steering. It was a slow rotating lubricated with oil or grease for use in a tool grinder. Feed rate calculators can be used to find out if the spindle speed is correct for the. Structural design of 3axis cnc machine tool for wood carving a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of engineering in cadcam engineering by sashank thapa 801281020 to the mechanical engineering department thapar university, patiala july, 2014. The running accuracy of the spindle is directly influenced by the elastic deformation of the spindle, its housing, bearings and other components of the system. In nearly all cases this can be simply done by replacing the bearing and no changes being necessary to the actual spindle design. The proper collection other will disturb how you way in the book done or not. Drilling calculations pennsylvania state university. The material is used to design a frame of vehicle is al6061t6 whose properties are given in table 1. Proposed design of knuckle is spindle type, in which, the frame and spindle is is made up of same or different material. The spindle speed formula calculates the recommended rotation speed of the tool or the part involved in the machining.
The thought was to feed air to it and convert it to an air bearing spindle. Design calculations are performed for bearing and spindle shaft using analytical approach for determination of bearing life and the rigidity of the spindle shaft respectively. The aim of design is produce reliable and durable steering knuckle for a racecar to overcome the previous years failure. It is their very simplicity that led to their being so widely used at the beginning of the industrial revolution. The design of the spindle and the quality of the components inside the spindle are major factors that contribute to the spindle s durability and longevity. The spindle drive mechanism, drive motor, bearing types, and. Pdf design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle. The configuration of the spindle is decided from the specifications of the workpiece material, desired cutting conditions, and most common tools used on the machine tool. Under conditions of shock or impact, n 4 or higher should be used, and careful testing is advised.
The first decision which must be made is if a beltdriven spindle or integral motorspindle design will be required this must be determined by evaluating the requirements of the machine tool, including the maximum speed, power and stiffness required, also, cost is an important factor, as a belt driven spindle generally is a lower cost solution. Final spindle design an analysis of the spindle was performed using maximum braking and vertical forces. Unit design of guideways and and spindle design of. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods and design of experiments. The slider is made to slide over the guide ways to. Any reproduction will not be for commercial use or profit. The spindle should be designed in such a manner so that features that keep chips and coolant are kept out of the spindle s bearing system, like in an air purge system and. The first decision which must be made is if a beltdriven spindle or integral motor spindle design will be required this must be determined by evaluating the requirements of the machine tool, including the maximum speed, power and stiffness required, also, cost is an important factor, as a belt driven spindle generally is a lower cost solution. International journal for ignited minds ijimiinds design. Whenever you think you have a good design, invert it, think of using a com. From this philosophy an optimization program is instituted on receipt of the customers requirements to ensure spindle compatibility with the proposed.
This is a machine oriented value, which is calculated from the recommended cutting speed value for an operation. Intuitive user interface the algorithms used in bearinxonline spindle calculation are identical to the ones used in bearinx at ina and fag. Bearing solutions for machine tools schaeffler group. In addition, they are thread profile, and the design of the ends of the nuts threads where the balls. Introduction to milling tools and their application identification and application of cutting tools for milling the variety of cutting tools available for modern cnc milling centers makes it imperative for machine operators to be familiar with different types of milling cutters and how they are. Design and fabrication of a device to characterize spindle. Nov 21, 2016 air bearing design, is there basic design parameters. Turning calculations production design iet 215 exercise 1. The design of the spindle and the quality of the components inside the spindle are major factors that contribute to the spindles durability and longevity. Lathes are one of the most common machines to cut circular parts with precision and accuracy.
This catalogue follows a logical progression through selection of the correct. It became apparent that as speeds increased, the spindles got very hot which used up. Formulas and calculation examples formulas calculation example definitions. Introduction to milling tools and their application. Mechanics and machine design, equations and calculators. The maximum braking force experienced by the 2001 lawrence technological university formula sae car was found to. At this stage we cannot decide the actual length of the spindle, so we just consider the tentative length of the spindle. Usually, a highprecision bearing per jis accuracy class 5, 4 or 2 is selected according to an intended application. Turning calculations pennsylvania state university. In particular, the radial runout, axial runout and nonrepetitive runout of a main spindle.
Design and development of steering knuckle with spindle and. As known, gone you retrieve a book, one to remember is not forlorn the pdf, but as a consequence the genre of the book. Colonial tools rigidity at speed precision spindles engineering philosophy is to maximize rigidity at the operating speed to ensure the highest quality manufactured part for the customer. The spindle of machine tools is an important element in influencing the accuracy of the machining and the productivity of machine tools. Even today they are the actuator of choice for many low cost machine tools. Drilling calculations drilling calculations production design iet 215 exercise 1. Abstract the steering knuckle component is the most. When outer load is known, mechanic calculation model can be made. As machinery advanced, better spindles were also developed to hold tools for drilling and boring, gun barrels and cannons in particular.
You will see from the pdf that your stamp album prearranged is absolutely right. Some sections include a useful tip like the one shown below, these tips are based on many years of experience and can be particularly useful for newcomers to the spindle. Spindle calculation online cutyour development time. Ball screw selection and calculations university of utah. Its working is same as lead screw in case of lathe machine. The spindle should be designed in such a manner so that features that keep chips and coolant are kept out of the spindles bearing system, like in.
In the design variables of vehicles like all wheel drive and front wheel drive. Under typical industrial conditions, the design factor of n 3 is recommended. Recommended values for precision boringturning 47 tbl 2. Designing and optimization of wheel assembly of a formula. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Design data section 47 cutting speeds and feeds 47 tbl 1. These bearings are also provided in the xlife version, giving the following advantages. Depending on the vehicle and suspension design, the steering hub or spindle will also vary slightly. The purpose of this thesis is to design and fabricate a device that can reliably characterize the spindle performance of a table. Finite element method is used on spindle shaft, critical and structural. Sanjay yadav1, ravi kumar mishra1, varish ansari1, shyam bihari lal2. Orthographic view of machine threaded shaft is used for axial movement of slider of 1. Spindle is simply defined as a short shaft however design method remainsa short shaft.
Machining calculators cutting, spindle, feed rate and. However, design method remains the same for axle and spindle as that for a shaft. Machine spindle design spindle design colonial tool. Shaft versus axle and spindleshaft versus axle and spindle axle is a nonrotating member used for supppp g gorting rotating wheels, etc. Lateral forces during full throttle 750 lbs and 10g vertical bump. Calculation of revolutions of main spindle in min1. The spindle is then modeled using autodesk inventor modeling software. If the application is very smooth, a value as low as n 2 may be justified. Air bearing design, is there basic design parameters. Deceleration during braking radsec2 j total inertia referred to braked shaft kgm 2 m external load kg t b total braking torque nm t l load torque outofbalance torque nm t. Me en 7960 precision machine design ball screw calculations 414 spindle speed and dn value shaft speed dn value.
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